Hepatitis B and C Testing

Hepatitis B and C are viral infections that affect the liver, and one of their most important features is how quietly they can behave. Many people carry these viruses for years with no symptoms, which is precisely why testing is so valuable. A simple blood test can give clarity, and modern treatment means both infections can be managed or, in the case of hepatitis C, usually cured.

What hepatitis B and C are

Both viruses cause inflammation of the liver and are spread mainly through blood and, for hepatitis B, sexual contact. Over many years, untreated infection can lead to liver damage. But this is rarely inevitable — with early detection, the risks can be greatly reduced.

• Hepatitis B — vaccine-preventable and, when chronic, treatable with medication that keeps the virus under control.
• Hepatitis C — now curable in most people with a short course of modern antiviral tablets.

Why they are so often silent

Because the liver can carry on working while quietly inflamed, an infection may cause no noticeable symptoms for a long time. When symptoms do appear they can be vague — tiredness, poor appetite, or a general feeling of being unwell. This silent nature is exactly why testing, rather than waiting for symptoms, is the sensible approach.

Who should consider testing

Testing is worth considering if you:

• Have ever had unprotected sex with a new or unknown-status partner.
• Have lived in or travelled to regions where these infections are more common.
• Have had a blood transfusion in a country with less rigorous screening.
• Have ever shared needles or other injecting equipment.
• Work in a setting with potential exposure to blood.

Infection versus immunity

Hepatitis testing looks at several markers, and it is important to understand that a positive marker does not always mean current infection. Some markers show immunity — for example after successful vaccination or a past infection your body has cleared — while others indicate active infection. Because of this, results are best interpreted by a clinician who can explain exactly what your particular pattern means.

What happens if a test is positive

A positive result is the start of getting the right care, not a cause for panic. Our clinicians will explain the findings clearly and confidentially and arrange appropriate follow-up. With effective treatment and monitoring, the outlook for people diagnosed today is very good.

When to get tested

Consider a hepatitis screen if any of the risk factors above apply to you, as part of a broader sexual health check, or simply for reassurance. If you have symptoms such as persistent tiredness, jaundice or abdominal discomfort, seek assessment promptly. Testing is routine, confidential and a positive step for your long-term health.

Written by Dr Ibrar Ahmed — MBChB MRCP MRCGP PhD PG Dip (Cardiology)
Specialist interest: Cardiovascular Medicine · OneMedicine, CQC-registered clinic