Acid reflux and indigestion are among the most common complaints we see, and for many people they are an occasional nuisance rather than a sign of anything serious. Understanding what is behind your symptoms, however, can help you treat them more effectively. One useful test in this area checks for a common stomach bacterium called Helicobacter pylori.
What reflux and indigestion feel like
Acid reflux, sometimes called GORD, happens when stomach acid rises back up towards the throat. Indigestion, or dyspepsia, is a broader term for discomfort centred on the upper abdomen. The two often overlap, and typical sensations include:
- Heartburn or a burning feeling behind the breastbone
- An acidic or sour taste at the back of the mouth
- Bloating, or feeling uncomfortably full
- Discomfort that comes on after eating
Common contributors
Everyday factors play a big role. Rich, fatty or spicy foods, alcohol, caffeine and smoking can all provoke symptoms, as can carrying extra weight and periods of stress. Some medications can irritate the stomach or relax the valve that normally keeps acid down, so it is always worth reviewing these with your doctor or pharmacist.
The role of Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori, usually shortened to H. pylori, is a common bacterium that can live in the lining of the stomach. In many people it causes no trouble at all, but in others it is linked to indigestion, inflammation of the stomach lining (gastritis) and stomach or duodenal ulcers.
A blood test can check whether your body has been exposed to this bacterium. The reassuring news is that H. pylori is treatable, usually with a short course of antibiotics combined with acid-reducing medication, which can settle symptoms and lower the risk of ulcers.
Test for H. pylori
An H. pylori blood test checks for the common stomach bacterium behind indigestion and reflux.
Test for H. pyloriRed flags that need prompt assessment
While most indigestion is harmless, certain symptoms should never be brushed off and need prompt or urgent assessment by a GP. Please seek medical advice without delay if you experience:
- Difficulty or pain when swallowing
- Unintentional weight loss
- Persistent vomiting, or vomiting blood
- Black, tarry stools
- New symptoms starting for the first time in older age
When to see a doctor
Simple measures often help: eating smaller meals, avoiding known triggers, not lying down soon after eating, cutting back on alcohol and caffeine, stopping smoking and losing excess weight can all ease symptoms. A test for H. pylori is only one part of the picture. If your symptoms are frequent, persistent, worsening, or accompanied by any of the red flags above, please see your doctor, who can examine you and arrange any further investigations that may be needed.
Test for H. pylori
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Specialist interest: Cardiovascular Medicine · OneMedicine, CQC-registered clinic